How can the Polly resilience framework be used in .NET applications to handle retries, timeouts, circuit breakers, and transient failures?

Enterprise applications frequently communicate with APIs, databases, and cloud services where temporary failures can occur. Explore how Polly-based resilience strategies can handle transient errors using retries, timeouts, circuit breakers, fallback strategies, and controlled execution policies. Learn why blindly retrying every exception can make an outage worse and how resilience should be designed around the type of dependency and failure. These concepts are highly relevant for .NET developers building reliable cloud-native applications.